IAS 17 Leases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Night Terrors

An article by Ph. D John Cline has help me to come to accept something else. There was a circumstance In which a lady woke up to her dozing spouse's clench hands. For sure the spouse was rest yet distant from harmony. The spouse was encountering a night fear. A night dread is far more regrettable than an awful dream, a night fear is the point at which somebody awakens shouting and at times they showcase their dream.In this case the spouse showcased his fantasy; be that as it may, his activities happened unconsciously. His significant other shouted his name for him to stop, this of hich woke him up. These occasions didn't stop there so the spouse chose to look for proficient assistance. after being delegated to a rest authority he found out about Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. He immediately discovered that he was experiencing an uncommon issue. Around 0. 38 percent of everybody and about . 50 percent face this disorder.This issue is otherwise called RBD his class of whic h is known as parasomnias. Parasomnias are undesirable physical occasions managing rest. RBD happens to mix with Rapid eye development. In the feeling of this issue the individual's body is incapacitated and exceptional and bright dreams happen. This rest issue is generally basic to men beyond fifty years old years old; be that as it may, Its workable for anybody to have this issue however theyre not as Ilkely. Many rest dfferent clutters partner with one another, for example, this one and rest apnea according to quick eye movement.R8N happens to likewise be partner to Parkinson's sickness. There are Whitehead 2 many rest issue that can impact our rest. This of which happens to be significant in light of the fact that rest Is Important to use as people. Rest can decide how wellbeing one can be intellectually and truly. The Importance of rest justifies itself with real evidence n truth, we do burn through 33% of our life dozing. I picked this article since everybody rests except, who says that we must find a sense of contentment while doing it? I couldnt conceivable picture existence without sleep.Honestly, I figure life would be altogether excessively long and tiring without it. I additionally needed to find out about this issue for future references. Mentally this article covers REM which happens to be the development of the eye as somebody dreams. Moreover, I accept that our general public would be satisfied to realize this issue Is not a typical one. This article was extraordinary as far as information on the turmoil. I would have possibly njoyed perusing this article on my free and not Just for class purposes.In perusing this article Ive discovered that I am at a more serious hazard in having this issue than everyone. To summarize things, never underestimate your suggested six-eight hours for truly, in light of the fact that no one can tell when things could begin to go knock in the night for you. Night Terrors By tiequeisha Jones me to come to accept some thing else. There was a circumstance in which a lady woke up to Upon being selected to a rest master he found out about Rapid Eye Movement be that as it may, its workable for anybody to have this issue however theyre not as likely.Many rest various scatters partner with one another, for example, this one and rest apnea according to fast eye development. RBN happens to likewise be partner to Parkinson's significant in light of the fact that rest is critical to use as people. Rest can decide how wellbeing one can be intellectually and genuinely. The significance of rest justifies itself harmony while doing it? I couldn't conceivable picture existence without rest. Truly, I imagine that our general public would be satisfied to realize this issue is anything but a typical one. This article IVe discovered that I am at a more serious hazard in having this issue than the

English class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

English class - Essay Example Underage drinking in actuality adds to 17.5 % of complete liquor deals. As young people are not permitted to have liquor, they expend it in unaided spaces, for example, local gatherings which are the hotspots of hitting the bottle hard and tranquilize misuse. Bringing down the age permits them to savor liquor controlled and safe condition. Other issue is the underreporting of liquor related mishaps because of dread of legitimate outcomes which lead to death much of the time. Appropriate clinical consideration can be given in mishaps if the activity isn't illicit and is accounted for speedily. Advocates of the move additionally guarantee that if the drinking age is brought down, it will never again be a no-no which will make youngsters less inclined to take up drinking as a demonstration of defiance. Exorbitant drinking can be controlled whenever directed drinking is made piece of the way of life and not restricted. One of the significant reasons the age ought to be brought down is th e remiss organization of law. Police faculty have much more squeezing cases to deal with as opposed to pursue youth underneath 21 who are drinking. As the law can't be authorized successfully, it should be adjusted. The most squeezing worry in bringing down the drinking age is smashed driving. In excess of 11000 individuals kicked the bucket in 2010 because of tanked driving. Research additionally shows that occurrences of tanked driving are progressively regular in youth underneath 25 years old and decreases with the expansion in age. In the event that the drinking age was brought down to 18, progressively youngsters would get in the driver's seat alcoholic prompting a spike in the quantity of passings. The country can't be answerable for this disaster and therefore drinking age ought not be brought down. Hard-core boozing is a typical wonder in US schools. Youth normally have wagers with one another to see who can drink the greatest. This prompts liquor harming and causes demise much of the time. Bringing down the drinking age will welcome more instances of hard-core boozing which is

Military service for 18 year olds essays

Military assistance for multi year olds papers The September 11 fear based oppressor assaults and the ensuing War in Iraq has concentrated consideration on the all-volunteer nature of the United States Armed Powers. The United States Army is experiencing a dry season of junior officials, for example, lieutenants and chiefs. This abatement is going on correctly when the United States is expanding its military responsibilities everywhere throughout the world, for example, Iraq, Afghanistan and in other Different arrangements have been offered towards reinforcing the United States military. Some propose permitting ladies to serve in battle obligation. Others have proposed expanding training and different advantages for enrolled troopers. Still others propose coming back to the military draft. Notwithstanding the solid requirement for more faculty, be that as it may, many have called for raising the time of required military enrollment for youngsters This paper contends that military enlistment should be a decision open to every youngster, beginning at age 18. All things considered, at this age, youngsters are lawfully perceived as grown-ups. They have commonly moved on from high school, are permitted to cast a ballot and could lawfully be attempted as grown-ups. It makes sense that they could settle on an educated choice with respect to The present arrangement of enrollment in the United States is named the Specific Service System (SSS). The present framework is a branch of the Military Selective Service Act of 1967, which built up a draft lottery. Men were required to enlist with the SSS sheets inside 30 days prior and after they turn 18 (Selective Service). By 1973, by annulling enrollment, the United States Congress adequately annulled the draft, making the all-volunteer military. In spite of the fact that the present arrangement of enlistment was restored for 18-year-old guys, serving in the military stays willful (Selective Service). In spite of the fact that willful in nature, numerous gatherings con... <!

The Advantage of Choosing a Creative Abstract Essay Topic

The Advantage of Choosing a Creative Abstract Essay TopicAbstract essays are generally of two types: one is the typical or generic one where the topic of the essay has already been decided on by the writer and the other is a chosen topic that is a little more creative. Although it would be difficult to say which of the two types is better, the writer must be sure to choose a topic that would be interesting for them to write on.The generic type of essay topics would be those wherein the writer comes up with a topic that is already decided upon by the editor. If the writer comes up with a well researched topic then the editor would be happy and thus, most likely, agree to the topic. On the other hand, the choice of topic must have enough uniqueness to catch the reader's attention.In other words, an essay must be original. No matter how simple the topic may seem; if the writer cannot show how the topic is uniquely his or her own, the editors will not give their permission for the writer to write on it. This is because they feel that writers who try to include too much of what they know in their essay are not truly creative. These writers are usually not given the chance to prove themselves worthy of publication.Another option for abstract essay topics would be to choose the one that will provide something unique. The idea here is to come up with a topic that is very creative but is not one that is already decided upon. However, when a writer comes up with an original idea, then the editor will be greatly amused and most likely agree for the writer to continue writing on it. Thus, when an essay writer does this, then they do not get the chance to showcase their creativity, but rather, a lack of creativity will be criticized.Choosing a topic that is a little more unique can be a challenge, however. One way to ensure that the writer gets the chance to write on something he or she would not normally write onis to make a good research before deciding on the topic. One great tool for the writer to use is to go online and find different abstract essay topics. It is also a good idea to read different abstract essay topics that the author has published.One example of a common topic that is currently being used would be to share information about a specific subject. The writer can include information about a medical topic such as the basics about vaccines, about blood types and the possibility of sickness from having a specific blood type and the possibility of the danger of receiving foreign objects in the body, the importance of having a regular checkup and the best ways of how to deal with it, about menopause and the health benefits of taking a supplement every day.Because these abstract essay topics are general in nature, the writer can simply write in a variety of styles. They can also write different parts of the same topic in different formats such as, it can be in the form of an essay, in a report, in a diary, etc. Another thing that the write r can do is to do some research on the topic before writing.Since abstract essay topics are all over the place, the writer should not limit their choices to only what is current. Instead, they should be able to think up new ideas about different topics that they think would be useful for future topics.

Research Based Decision Making Case Study 1 - 1925 Words

Research Based Decision Making: Case Study 1 (Case Study Sample) Content: RESEARCH BASED DECISION MAKING: CASE STUDY  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1Name:Id:DateIntroductionResearch plays a crucially important part in running a business especially with the cut-throat competition that has become a hallmark of all sectors of the economies. This explains the prominence organizations accord the research and development department or alternatively outsource research services from top-notch institutions and individuals. To expand, or simply remain competitive, companies must constantly review their competitive strengths, weaknesses, and potential opportunities (Birn Ebrary, 2004,pp. 43). Additionally, they must understand the political, economic, social, and legal environment that they operate in or may expand to. Recently, it has also become increasingly important to know what competitors are doing to be able to take advantage of loopholes in a specific market segment. Therefore, market research is an indispensable undertaking for any business that wishes to remain relevant. In the specific case study under exploration in this paper, a fast food chain located in New South Wales Australia is contemplating expanding to other states within the country or into the neighboring New Zealand. The vice president of operations in the company, Ms. Simmons, figures out she could outsource marketing research service from Barton Boomer, a research analyst with rich repertoire in the field. However, she appears to have decided before hand what the result of the research should be. She has made up her mind that the company needs to expand to New Zealand and is only looking for corroborating results possibly to make her case before the board. Moreover, she wants the results in a very short duration that would only lead the researcher to misrepresent results and present an error-filled report. Lastly, she would like access to competitors data that Barton could be in possession of.Detailed Response to each QuestionIdentifying the statementsTo pr oduce results that would justify entry into the neighboring marketTo hurriedly conduct the research and present the resultsTo divulge information in his possession about competitors. 1 Statement 1The first statement to Ms. Simmons express request to have research tailor-made to fit a preconceived position. Simply, the company is asking Barton to manufacture data that would justify an expansion that the vice-president wants, not one that emanates from concrete and objective data. Ethically, two issues emerge here namely the objectivity and accuracy of research results. As a matter of practicing standards and ethical view point, data should be independent of the researcher. This assertion means that the same research conducted by another person and using the same procedures and tools, should yield the same results hence the concept of reliability and validity in research (Zikmund, et al 2013, 79). In other words, a researcher should only go where the evidence lead not the other way ro und. What Ms. Simmons is asking would not only violate a standard procedure of research but also negate the essence of the entire process and raise serious ethical issues. Essentially, Barton should uphold the highest integrity standards and inform Ms. Simmons that such grave procedural misstep would violate the integrity of the research results. Moreover, researchers are ethically and professionally required to only give accurate data. Simply, accuracy means upholding the standard procedure and desisting from manipulation of data to fit certain whims or preconceived agenda (Aguinis Henle, 2002, p. 65). Ms. Simmons demands would inevitably affect the accuracy of the results as Barton would be compelled to alter certain aspects of the research to fit Ms. Simmons whims. In a nutshell, the first statement raises ethical and professional concerns regarding the objectivity, validity and accuracy of research.2.1.2 Statement 2 The second statement regarding rushing a research raises the e thical question of misrepresenting results and subsequent disclosure to the client. If Barton heeds Ms. Simmons request for comprehensive results to be ready in a month, he risks misrepresenting results because of possible errors, insufficient data, and limited scope. According to Cowton (1998, p. 430) allowing sufficient time for research may cause the researcher to venture into unnecessary issues, use inadequate samples, and analyze data haphazardly. Ethically, Barton should inform Ms. Simmons of the inherent risk in producing such comprehensive and important results within such a short time. Conceptually, experts in research envisage a truthful account in representing results as well as disclosing the limitation and likely error (Weathington, Cunningham, CJL Pittenger, 2012, pp. 54). Whenever clients demands places a researcher in a situation where misrepresentations are likely to occur, the researcher is morally and ethically obliged to state what the limitations are and their likely bearing on the results. Failure to disclose such critical information would lead clients to use data with error to make decisions that could be potentially very costly in terms of capital, human resources, and opportunity cost.2.1.3 Statement 3 The third statement relates to the request to allow access to competitors information. Ethically, this would be inappropriate as it would result to violation of confidentiality and potentially cause bad competition (Brown, 2000, pp. 76). A basic tenet of research is that the privacy of the participants and sponsors should remain private at all cost and time. Ms. Simmons is simply asking Barton to breach the confidentiality, which is shocking considering that if Barton could provide such critical information about a rival, he could equally disclose Ms. Simmons information to another competitor. Conceptually, researchers are required to desist from activities that could bring about conflict of interest (Oliver, 2010, pp. 89). Researchin g for competitors would inherently put anyone in a situation of balancing the interest of one party against the other hence the need for strict confidentiality. Barton should protect the integrity of research as well as the profession by either declining the offer or firmly stating that he would not violate confidentiality at any cost.Secondary Data SourcesBarton can use the following secondary data sources in order to be able to describe the current state of the fast-food market in Africa. Euromonitor International, 2016Business Insider Australia reportIBISWorld, 2016 reportEuromonitor report includes an incisive analysis of the supply and demand side of the fast food market in Australia. It also covers the volumes, values, and market shares of different companies from a historical perspective in addition to a five year forecast of the market and robust market methodologies for all states in Australia.IBISWolrd traces the historical trends in consumer trends and forces that bring a bout these changes. It also gives a thorough industry analysis comprising of market share of companies, revenue, profit, annual growth rate and employment statistics. Business Insider Australia gives an incisive coverage of the five trends expected to dominate the market in 2016. Particularly, the report covers the imminent health issues that are likely to influence the trends in consumption of fast foods. Moreover, the report details how technology could potentially change the manner of ordering and delivering food.Recent Trends in Fast Food Sales in AustraliaThe fast food sector in Australia is big and likely to expand further with the growing appetite for fast foods and the convenience they bring. Competitive Foods dominate the market followed closely by Dominos Pizza, McDonald&...

Graduate School Admissions Essays

Social factors underpinning poor health and how they can be addressed in Hackney, London. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2719 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? It is well-established that social factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including education, economic participation and access to health services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have a considerable impact on a persons physical and mental health outcomes (World Health Organisation, 2015: np). Addressing these social factors underpins effective responses to poor health (World Health Organisation, 2015: np). This paper provides a critical overview of the social factors which contribute to poor health outcomes in one borough in London, England. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social factors underpinning poor health and how they can be addressed in Hackney, London." essay for you Create order It then discusses how these social factors can be addressed to improve health outcomes in this borough. The borough selected for analysis in this paper is Hackney. Hackney is located in north London. The borough has a population of approximately 263,150 (Hackney Council, 2015a: p. 1). It is socio-culturally diverse, though the largest ethnic group, comprising 36.2% of the population, is White British and the majority of people speak English (Hackney Council, 2015a: p. 1). Hackney is divided into 137 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs), each containing approximately 1,500 people (Hackney Council, 2014b: p. 1); these LSOAs allow for the close monitoring of population health and social data. Hackney consistently reports poor health outcomes in a variety of domains, and it is recognised that these health outcomes are underpinned by a complex interplay of social factors (Hackney Council, 2014b). The first of the social factors contributing to poor health outcomes in Hackney to be explo red in this paper is education. Education is an important social determinant of health because it enables people to be health literate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that is, to access, understand and use health information to improve their health (Kilgour, Matthews, Christian, Shire, 2015: p. 487). Currently, the rate of educational attainment in Hackney is high, with the proportion of students obtaining GCSEs, approximately 58%, comparable with the national average (Hackney Council, 2014a: p. 18). However, Hackney has a history of educational disadvantage, and some LSOAs in Hackney are still considered to be in the top 20% of the most educationally-deprived in Britain (Hackney Council, 2014b: p. 9). Indeed, the number of adults in Hackney with no qualifications, approximately 9.1%, is higher than the national average (Hackney Council, 2015a: p. 3). As noted by Kilgour et al. (2015, p. 488), health literacy is directly correlated with positive health attitudes, behaviours and outcomes. Subsequ ently, the attainment of a lower standard of education à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in the UK, particularly in the primary years à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, therefore, lower health literacy increases a persons risk of a range of negative health outcomes (Albert Davia, 2011: p. 163). In the UK, standard of education is directly linked to a persons level of economic participation, including their prospects for employment and level of income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" all important social determinants of health (Borooah Mangan, 2008: p. 351). Educational disadvantage in Hackney is closely related to economic disadvantage. Rates of unemployment in Hackney are 8.1%, compared with a national average of just 6.2%, and in Hackney another 3% of the population identify as unemployed job-seekers (Hackney Council, 2015a: p. 3). Hackney ranks within the top 10% of the most economically deprived boroughs nationally and, in terms of household income, 13% of its LSOAs rank in the top 5% of the most deprived nationa lly (Hackney Council, 2014c: p. 2). Studies have found that, in the UK and elsewhere, unemployment and job insecurity are directly correlated with health in all domains, including physical health (Puig-Barrachina, Malmusi, Martenez Benach, 2011: p. 459; Hergenrather, Zeglin McGuire-Kuletz, 2015: p. 2). In the UK, there is a strong relationship between economic disadvantage and a lack of access to nutritionally-appropriate foods, and this underpins poor health outcomes (Hamer Mishra, 2010: p. 491). Indeed, many people on low incomes in the UK consume cheap, easily-accessible fast food diets characterised by a high intake of saturated fat, leading to higher rates of obesity in economically disadvantaged regions (Hamer Mishra, 2010: p. 491; Estrade, Dick, Crawford, Jepson, Ellaway McNeill, 2015: p. 793). In Hackney, approximately 23% of adults and 26% of children are overweight or obese; this is slightly below the national average; however Hackney Council still identifies obesi ty as a significant burden on the regions health system (Hackney Council, 2015b: p. 55; Hackney Council, 2015c: p. 67). It is well established that obesity significantly predisposes people to a range of poor health outcomes. Indeed, in Hackney the prevalence of obesity-related diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, stroke, hypertension and cardiovascular disease are either comparable to or above London averages (Hackney Council, 2014f: p. 81-110). Unemployment and lower disposable income also result in reduced access to appropriate housing, and this is another key social determinant of health. Hackney has a greater number of overcrowded households, including those lacking at least one bedroom, more temporary accommodation and higher levels of homelessness than other economically-comparable boroughs in London (Hackney Council, 2014d: p 6; Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 6). Adding to this problem is the fact that housing affordability in Hackney has declined significantly in the p ast five years (Hackney Council, 2014a: p. 20; Hackney Council, 2015a: p. 2). Access to appropriate housing can be considered a social determinant of health in the UK because it is correlated with mental health (Barratt, Green Speed, 2015: p. 107; Lidell Guinea, 2015: p. 191). Though there are complexities in terms of drawing a direct causal relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and mental illness, it is well-established that mental illness is a considerable problem for socioeconomically disadvantaged people in the UK (Mangalore, Knapp, Jenkins 2007, p. 1037). Some LSOAs in Hackney have rates of serious mental illness, including schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder, as high as 3% (Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 7). Hackneys young, transient and socio-culturally diverse population contributes to the high rates of mental illness in the borough (Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 5). In Hackney, socioeconomic disadvantage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and particularly unemployment and housing instability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is strongly correlated with psychiatric admission and suicide (Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 6). Poor mental health also has effects on physical health. As noted by Hackney Council (2014e: p. 60), a person with a mental health disorder in Hackney is more likely to experience comorbidities such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and other systemic disorders. In addition to mental illness, poverty is strongly correlated with substance misuse in Hackney (Hackney Council, 2014d: p 6). Because it leads to a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes, substance misuse can itself be considered a poor health outcome. Substance misuse is a significant problem in Hackney; indeed, the rates of people claiming medical benefits for alcoholism and attending inpatient treatment programs for the misuse of drugs, particularly opiates, in Hackney is higher than the averages for both London and England (Hackney   Council, 2014d: p . 6). High-risk behaviours associated with substance misuse, such as binge drinking, and rates of hospital admission for substance misuse are higher in Hackney than in London generally (Hackney Council, 2014d: p. 7). Whilst the rate of death from substance misuse in Hackney is decreasing, it is still considerably higher than the national average and poses a significant cost to the health care system (Hackney Council, 2014d: pp. 6-7). Rates of smoking in Hackney, at around 25%, are also higher than national averages (Hackney Council, 2015b: pp. 47-50). It is well-established that smoking, as with substance misuse in general, predisposes people to a range of poor health outcomes; indeed, in Hackney there is a comparatively high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease linked to smoking (Hackney Council, 2014f: p. 92). There is one final reason why socioeconomic disadvantage may be considered a social determinant of health: both in the UK and elsewhere, socioeconomic disa dvantage reduces a persons capacity to access health services (Hanratty, Zhang Whitehead, 2007, p. 89). Whilst ease of access to health services in Hackney is unknown, 57% of adults using social care services in Hackney report having less access to these services than they would like (Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 6). Reduced access to health care services, including both primary (preventive) and tertiary (treatment) services, logically underpins poor health outcomes. As noted earlier in this paper, responding effectively to poor health outcomes involves addressing the social factors which underpin these outcomes (World Health Organisation, 2015: np). Because education is one of the key social health determinants and is directly related to many other determinants, including economic participation, addressing education must be a focus. Hackney Councils Five Year Vision for Education is centred on Hackneys schools, which are already performing at a standard above the national av erage (Hackney Council, 2012). There is a need to instead, target educational initiatives towards the considerable number of adults in Hackney who lack formal education. In the UK context, self-management education in particular has proven to be effective in improving health outcomes (Lorig, Holman Halsted, 2003: p. 1). In addition to education, improving economic participation is an important consideration in improving health outcomes in Hackney. Hackney Council (2010: p. 5) is critical of the effects of national unemployment welfare programs for people in Hackney, noting rising costs of living in Hackney, including increasing healthcare-associated costs, make welfare benefits appear more attractive than employment to some. Though it is beyond the scope of this paper, the benefits of national welfare reform on rates of economic participation and, subsequently, health should be considered. In the short-term, however, evidence suggests that welfare-to-work programs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â ‚¬Å" such as Hackneys Pathways to Work program, which supports the unemployed to become job-ready à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" may be effective in increasing economic participation (Hackney Council, 2010: p. 5). In the UK, research indicates that such interventions are most effective when they are delivered in combination with physical and mental health services, thus conclusively breaking the cycle of poor health and economic participation (Hackney Council, 2010: p. 5; Ceolta-Smith, Salway, Tod, 2015: p. 254) Addressing other issues underpinning the complex interplay between socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health outcomes is also important. As obesity underpins many poor health outcomes for people in Hackney, addressing obesity through exercise and nutrition interventions should be a focus. The proportion of people in Hackney taking part in structured physical activity programs is considerably higher than the national average, and this is encouraging (Hackney Council, 2014e: p. 65). H owever, providing safe spaces for exercise is an important consideration in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions; Hackneys Strategy for Parks (Hackney Council, 2008: p. 16) outlines a variety of ways in which this may be achieved. There are also multiple different strategies by which a populations nutritional status may be improved, however research suggests the most effective strategies in the UK context involve the provision of government-funded food vouchers and school meals (Attree, 2005: p. 67; Machell, 2015: p. 14). Hackney Council (2015c: p. 67) estimates that between 34% and 37% of children in Hackney are eligible for free school meals, and so this is a particularly important consideration in this context. In addition to physical health, mental health should also be addressed. Hackney Council (2014d, 2014e) already provides a sophisticated range of services to support people with both mental illness and illness related to substance misuse. However, a number of UK studi es highlight a strong correlation between property regeneration and improvements in participants mental health (Curl, Kearns, Mason, Egan, Tannahill Ellaway, 2015: p. 12; Egan, Lawson, Kearns, Conway Neary, 2015: p. 101). Therefore, housing regeneration initiatives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" particularly those targeting council housing, where the majority of socioeconomically disadvantaged people in Hackney reside à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is another important consideration. Research suggests the best housing programs in the UK also address other health factors by ensuring effective water and waste infrastructure, damp and thermal insulation and appropriate social spaces are established (Stewart, 2005: p. 533). Social factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including education, economic participation and access to health services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have a considerable impact on a persons physical and mental health outcomes, and addressing these social factors underpins effective responses to poor health. This paper has provided a critical analysis of the social factors which contribute to poor health outcomes in the borough of Hackney. It has also discussed how these social factors can be addressed to effectively improve health outcomes for those in Hackney. References Albert, C Davia, M 2011, Education is a key determinant of health in Europe: A comparative analysis of 11 countries, Health Promotion International, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 163-170. Attree, P 2008, A critical analysis of UK public health policies in relation to diet and nutrition in low-income households, Maternal Child Nutrition, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 67-78. Barratt, C, Green, G Speed, E 2015, Mental health and houses in multiple occupation, Journal of Public Mental Health, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 107-117. Borooah, VK Mangan, J 2008, Education, occupational class and unemployment in the regions of the United Kingdom, Education Economics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 351-370. Ceolta-Smith, J, Salway, S Tod, AM 2015, A review of health-related support provision within the UK Work programme: Whats on the menu?, Social Policy Administration, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 254-276. Curl, A, Kearns, A, Mason, P, Egan, M, Tannahill, C Ellaway, A 2015, Physical and mental health outcomes following housing improvements: Evidence from the GoWell study, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 12-19. Egan, M, Lawson, L, Kearns, A, Conway, E Neary, J 2015, Neighbourhood demolition, relocation and health: A qualitative longitudinal study of housing-led urban regeneration in Glasgow, UK, Health Place, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 101-108. Estrade, M, Dick, S, Crawford, F, Jepson, R, Ellaway, A McNeill, G 2015, A qualitative study of independent fast food vendors near secondary schools in disadvantaged Scottish neighbourhoods, BMC Public Health, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 793-201. Hackney Council 2008, Social spaces: A strategy for parks in Hackney, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/parks-strategy.pdf Hackney Council 2010, Hidden Unemployment: Incapacity Benefit in Hackney, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/CEs_Briefing_LBHIB_2010_Final.pdf Hackney Council 2012, Five Year Vision for Educ ation in Hackney: 2012-2017, viewed 26 September 2015, https://mginternet.hackney.gov.uk/documents/s29234/WHW%205%20year%20vision%20120829.pdf Hackney Council 2014a, A Profile of Hackney, its People and Place, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/Hackney-Profile.pdf Hackney Council 2014b, Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2010 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Briefing April 2011, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/Indices_of_Deprivation_2010_Briefing.pdf Hackney Council 2014c, Unemployment, Deprivation and Benefits, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/LEA_Benefits_Deprivation_and_Unemployment.pdf Hackney Council 2014d, A Substance Misuse Health Needs Assessment for the Residents of Hackney and City of London, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/Substance-misuse-mental-health-needs-assessment.pdf Hackney Council 2014e, A Mental Health Needs Assessment for the Residents of Hackney and City of London, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/Mental-health-needs-assessment.pdf Hackney Council 2014f, Adult Health and Illness, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/HWP-Chapter-6-Adult_health_and_illness.pdf Hackney Council 2015a, Hackney: Facts Figures Leaflet, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/Facts-and-Figures.pdf Hackney Council 2015b, Lifestyle and Behaviour, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/HWP-Chapter-3-Lifestyle_and_behaviour.pdf Hackney Council 2015c, Children, Young People Families, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.hackney.gov.uk/Assets/Documents/HWP-Chapter-5-Children_young_people_and_families.pdf Hamer, M Mishra, GD 2010, Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk markers in the UK Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey, Nutrition, Metabolism Cardiovascular Disease, vol. 2 0, no. 7, pp. 491-497. Hanratty, B, Zhang, T Whitehead, M 2007, How close have universal health systems come to achieving equity in use of curative services? A systematic review, International Journal of Health Services, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 89-109. Hergenrather, KC, Zeglin, RJ McGuire-Kuletz, M 2015, Employment as a social determinant of health: A systematic review of longitudinal studies exploring the relationship between employment status and physical health, Rehabilitation Research, Policy Education, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 2-26. Kilgour, L, Matthews, N, Christian, P Shire, J 2015, Health literacy in schools: Prioritising health and well-being issues through the curriculum, Education Society, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 485-500. Lorig, K, Holman, R Halsted, R 2003, Self management education: History, definition, outcomes and mechanisms, Annals of Behavioural Medicine, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-7. 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World Health Organisation 2015, Evidence on social determinants of health, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.who.int/soc ial_determinants/themes/en/

Application Layer Dos / Ddos Attacks On E Commerce Sites

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Effects Of Smoking On The United Kingdom - 1132 Words

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According to researchers, smokers lose 10 years of their lifespan only because of their smoking habit but added that smokers who quit before the age of 40 years were able to avoid 90% of early dea ths caused by continued smoking and if women quit before the age of 30, they could avoid 97%of early death caused by their smoking habit. Usage of tobacco can lead to many serious health ailments. Some of them are as below Cancer: Tobacco smoking is one of the major causes of cancer deaths and women who smoke are 26 times more likely to die because of lung cancer when compared to those who donot have the habit. 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Marketing and Communications in OXFAM †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about marketing and communications in OXFAM? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to discuss the essential components of marketing plan for OXFAM, which is a non-government organization. Non-government organizations (NGOs) are considered one of the most significant institutions in the world. NGOs works for diverse issues related to social, environmental or political areas. Due to the emergence of many such institutions, it has become important to understand the dynamics of the environment where one wishes to operate and stay relevant. To achieve this NGOs needs to employ proper marketing plan and adopt a marketing strategy which provides a competitive edge in the market (Hollensen2015). The report also discusses the strategies of marketing planning; which involves analysis of internal and external environment, identification of target customers and positioning, clarification of objectives, choosing appropriate strategy in market planning, implementation of the chosen strategy and measure of performance against set standards (Westwood 2013). The report also discusses the use appropriate promotional method and implementation of promotional mix in designing the poster advert for OXFAM. In addition, a sample pamphlet which can be used for the advertisement needs of OXFAM is provided along with the explanation of choosing pamphlet over the many available option is discussed. OXFAM is an international confederation of 18 organizations that works in more than 100 countries around the world. The motto of OXFAM is to provide lasting solutions for poverty, hunger and injustice. Oxfam International was formed in the year 1995 by a group of independent non-governmental organizations. The name OXFAM is derive from Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, founded in Britain in 1942 (Oxfam.org 2016). Discussion Marketing plan is a part of business plan blueprint, which forms the basis of marketing strategy for the organization. A marketing plan includes activities as identification of specific customer needs through market research, target market identification, product or service description, and identification of competitors, developing marketing strategies, setting quantifying goals and establishing ways to measure performances (Wood 2013). Marketing plan enables the organization to take a calculated approach while starting up the business that is affected by numerous uncertain conditions and ability to adapt with the environment in which it operates. The mission statement of OXFAM that is an international confederation of organizations working worldwide is to find lasting solutions for poverty and social injustice. The purpose of this report is to educate and spread awareness; and to identify sources to raise additional funds for OXFAM (Lune 2014). For this purpose the effective marketing plan for OXFAM may include; Situation Analysis Situational analysis is the foundation of any marketing plan; it includes the study of internal and external environmental factors that affects the business of an organization. Situational analysis is done utilizing market research to get a realistic assessment of the business (Freitasand Spezia2013). There are various methods for conducting situation analysis; the most common method of situational analysis is using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Strengths: It is the internal environmental factor, which is in control of the organization. OXFAM is a nonprofit organization that has branches all over the world and has a very strong brand value. The technical expertise in providing solutions to poverty and social justice; and a culturally diverse work force that has good knowledge of local culture is an added advantage. Also, it has huge volunteer base with expertise in diverse fields which is a huge saving for the business. Weaknesses: It is also the component of internal environment present within the organization. OXFAM is facing the budgetary problems and the organizational capacity in limited particularly in administration department. The organization has limited capacity in adapting to the demands of the situation and has become slow and bureaucratic. In addition, it cannot afford the competent employees, as it cannot match the salary structure of business industry. Opportunities: It is the factors that are not in the control of the business and is present in the external environment. Any donations or grants, which OXFAM receives, are an opportunity. NGOs have the benefit of getting regular grants from government as well as private institutions, even if there is recession in the market the flow of money to NGOs are not restricted. It also has the opportunity to attract private institutions for their findings which is beneficial for private institutions also because they get tax deductions on charities made towards the NGOs. Threats: It is also part external environment factors which cannot be controlled by the organization. A major chuck of capital which NGOs like OXFAM receives is from individuals who support the cause of the organization. Therefore, at the time economic recession consumers cut back on money, which makes them vulnerable to recession (Anheier2014).In addition, they need to maintain a clean image and transparency in their transactions because the customers are associated with the cause of the organization and any scandal can be damaging. Segmentation Targeting and Planning (STP) Segmentation is the process of identifying what kinds of customers with different needs exists. The main activities that are carried out in segmentation process are determined to identify who the potential customers are, analyzing the level of competition in the market and selecting the attractive customers segments (Hollensen and Opresnik2015).Various factorsform the basis of segmentation as demographics, behavioral patterns, geographical variables, lifestyles etc. Targeting is selection of most attractive segments arrived at from segmentation. It is done on the analysis of the market opportunities as well as internal capabilities of the organization. Targeting helps the organization in focusing its resources at those points which offer maximum return on investment. Positioning involves implementation of marketing activities on the customer segment identified in targeting. Positioning is based on the requirements of the different customer segments and perceived advantages among the targeting segments (Hollensenand Opresnik2015). In case of OXFAM segmentation is based on the behavioral patterns, lifestyle choices and cultural or ethical values. As an NGO, it needs to spread its objectives to be relevant therefore it focuses on the educational and awareness activities. Its major markets are the customers who support its cause and different institutions who are interested in providing help and assistance to the needy; with which it can enter into a partnership.Therefore, it has to position itself among these customer segments and divert all their marketing mix strategies in this segment (Kotler2012). Clarification of objectives Marketing objectives identifies what a business wants to achieve from its marketing activities. The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed (SMART objective). Every marketing plan has to clarify the objectives of the organization; objectives contains details of how the organization will sustain in the market, what are the factors which provides the business with competitive advantage and its unique selling preposition. Clarification of objectives in a marketing plan enables the organization attract investors without which the venture may be nearly impossible. The objectives that OXFAM wants to achieve can be defined as: Specific: the objective of OXFAM is to achieve the target of educating customers about the organizations goals (society) and to receive a donation of 50 million Euros from the public. Measurable: it is important to measure the effectiveness of various activities undertaken by OXFAM. The various techniques that will be employed are customer surveys to measure the effectiveness of awareness programs and comparing the total donations received from the previous years at the end of the 12 months. Achievable: The objectives set by OXFAM are achievable as it has been clearly defined and strategically designed. Realistic: Realistic implies the possibility of achieving the objectives. OXFAM has clearly defined the objectives and various activities that it will undertake to reach its objectives. Therefore, the objectives are realistic and can be met. Timed: It is important to define the period within which the specified objectives are to be achieved. For achieving its specified objective, the time set is 12 months. Setting Strategy Strategy include formulation of vision and mission statements of the organization, setting organizational objectives, marketing objectives, description of target markets and customers, unique positioning statements and value proposition. OXFAM can set its strategy on the basis of the basis of broad vision of the organization i.e. to eradicate poverty and providing social justice, planning its positioning strategy and marketing mix tools to generate awareness among the customers to get s=donations for the cause of the organization(Jungbok 2015). Methods of marketing (7 Ps of Marketing) Marketing mix is a tool used by organizations and companies to get the desired response from the target market. It is a controllable marketing tool to influence demand in the market and help in market planning and execution. Product (Services): It is the physical good offered by the organization that satisfies the existing demand of the customer. For nonprofit organizations, there is weaker unique selling preposition; i.e. weaker benefits associated with products. OXFAM deals in selling of used donated merchandises through its outlets. It also sells decorative merchandises and gift items created by the volunteers and skilled employees of the OXFAM. Another service offered by OXFAM is eradicating poverty in the world. To make it more appealing for the customers OXFAM need to invoke a sense of doing good among the customers (Miller 2013). Price: Pricing is an important concept of marketing mix but is has a different connotation for non-government organizations; the amount of donation received by such organizations is dependent on the discretion the donor and is not determined by organization as in case of business organizations (Omar et al.2014). Pricing of the products is based on condition of the merchandise. As OXFAM also sells merchandises donated bythe, it is generally inexpensive and customers get a good bargain on the purchase and pricing is not based on the motive of gaining profits alone. Place: It is also called as distribution system; for NGOs such as OXFAM place means movement of resources such as donations and volunteers into the organization as well as outward flow of these recourses at receiving end of the society (Judd 2013). Promotion: Promotion refers to the activities carried by the organizations to educate people and spread awareness. Promotional activities includes various aspects of promotion mix such as advertising, public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion In the case of nonprofit organization such as OXFAM, the appropriate promotional strategies include direct marketing which allows the organizations to communicate directly to the prospective customers by telephone, email, catalogue distribution, promotional letters, outdoor advertising, etc.; public relation which includes getting support from third party agents to get the promotion such as press releases, magazine coverage, television and radio presentations, seminars, etc.; and advertising which is paid form of promotion of ones ideas in mass media which includes television advertisement, billboard, banners, etc. People: People are the employees who work for the organization. People are brand ambassadors of the organization and helps in effectively running of the organization. For OXFAM employees are important as they can motivate other individuals of the society to share their cause and give their contributions as donations or volunteers to achieve the noble cause for which the OXFAM is working (Handrianaet al.2015). Process: Process refers to the method of delivering services to the customers. In the case of OXFAM, they are operating for the cause. The process involves the method of delivering their services to the society by providing assistance to the poor and attaining social justice. Physicalevidence: Place in case of non-profit organization is dependent on the point of engagement of the customers and the organization. Customers either make visits to the office of the organization to understand their philosophy or works as volunteers at places where the NGOs are providing their services. In the case of the OXFAM, it has more than 700 OXFAM stores across the UK, which serves as place where people purchase different merchandises. Also offices and activity centers provides another points where people can exchange ideas and learn about the activities of OXFAM (Najev 2013). Means to measure performance It is the last part of marketing plan that include methods to identify whether the marketing plan is effective or not. Performance is measured by the comparing the results of expected or standard results against the actual results achieved. In the case of OXFAM, the standard output can be based on the expected donations against the actual donations received (Garcaet al.2013). Various tools of measuring performance are Key Performance Indicators (KPI), Return on Investment (ROI). KPI can be used in OXFAM marketing plan as one of the objectives of designing marketing plan is to create awareness of the objectives of OXFAM that is a qualitative aspect. ROI can also be used as the objective of marketing plan includes, getting donations. Therefore by comparing the investment made against the actual donations received the effectiveness of the marketing plan can be measured. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that by following a systematic approach to marketing plan an organization can understand the threats and opportunities in external environment and gain insights of the strengths and weakness of its internal controllable factors; It also helps to identify , target and position itself in the market. Also by setting clear objectives and using appropriate marketing mix techniques and periodic monitoring of these techniques, overall success of the organization can be ensured. Since OXFAM is a non-government organization it is important to understand the unique aspects of marketing mix because it is not a business oriented organization which is selling a product or services with apparent customer need satisfaction value. The marketing mix therefore, focuses on the awareness of the idea for which it is working.The idea of marketing plan for OXFAM is based on the premise of spreading awareness and to raise additional funds, for this purpose it h as to focus more on the marketing research activities and identify those segments of the market whose ethical cultures and values are in line with the philosophy of the organization. Another important aspect is to position itself by using appropriate promotional mix, In the case of OXFAM the promotional tools may include those techniques, which are not much expensive, and has the potential to reach the target customers such as press releases, posters, pamphlets, etc. References Anheier, H.K., 2014.Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy. Routledge. Hollensen, S. and Opresnik, M.O., 2015. 3.2 Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. InMarketing(pp. 183-208).Verlag Franz Vahlen GmbH. Judd, V.C., 2013. in a Nonprofit Organization: Using the 5th PPeople.Marketing Communications for Local Nonprofit Organizations: Targets and Tools, p.5. Jungbok, H., 2015. Marketing Strategies for Nonprofit Organizations.Advances in Management,8(10), p.1. Kotler, P., 2012.Kotler on marketing.Simon and Schuster. Lune, H., 2014. Book Review: Charity Case: How the Nonprofit Community Can Stand Up for Itself and Really Change the World, by D. Pallotta.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,43(2), pp.416-419. Miller, K.L., 2013.Content marketing for nonprofits: A communications map for engaging your community, becoming a favorite cause, and raising more money(Vol. 14). John Wiley Sons. Najeva ija, L., 2013. Fundraising in the context of nonprofit strategic marketing: Toward a conceptual model.Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues,18(1), pp.59-78. Omar, A.T., Leach, D. and March, J., 2014. Collaboration between nonprofit and business sectors: a framework to guide strategy development for nonprofit organizations.VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,25(3), pp.657-678. Oxfam.org. 2016. History of Oxfam International | Oxfam International. [online] Available at: https://www.oxfam.org/en/countries/history-oxfam-international [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016]. Westwood, J., 2013.How to write a marketing plan.Kogan Page Publishers. Wood, M.B., 2013.Marketing Plan Handbook.Pearson Higher Ed.

Achilles The Hero Essay Example For Students

Achilles The Hero Essay I have chosen Achilles to write my paper on because his character is the central story line in the Iliad. Although it may seem that the main theme is about the totality and gruesomeness of when the poem is first read, this is not the main focus. The actual fighting and Trojan War could be compared to Saving Private Ryan. We get raw details of the war without missing any of the descriptive details.Achilles is the character I was most interested in because he was an extraordinary fighter, man, and hero. We see how Achilles matures from a bloodthirsty warrior in the beginning to a more reserved and thoughtful man by the end of the Iliad. Achilles is a semi-god because his mom, Thetis, is a goddess and his father, Peleus, is a mortal. Achilles shows the greatest military skill of any Achaean and has the greatest fighting ability of all Trojan and Achaean warriors. He is considered to worth an entire army when fighting in a battle. In the beginning of the Iliad Achilles is known as a ruthless and unstoppable killing force. Anyone he could not send to the House of Death he would hold as captives on his ship. He did all of this killing and destruction for the glory. When the Argives asked Achilles and his friend, Patroclus, to help them conquer Troy and get Helen back, Achilles agreed only because of the glory and fame he could achieve from it. Achilles had no reason to fight the Trojans because they had not wronged him, at least not yet. He joined the Argives because he felt this war would be the quickest way to gain glory. Achilles wanted to become famous. Achilles quickly became the Argives main fighting force. Agamemnon, the leader of the Argives, called him the most violent man alive. When Agamemnon takes Briseis, his favorite prize, Achilles become angry. The reason Agamemnon took Briseis is because he had to give his own prize, Chryseis, back to her father. Until she was returned Apollo would wreak havoc on the Argives day and night. The taking of Briseis hurt Achilles pride. He was disgruntled because he had not way to gain his glory back. He could not retaliate and put up a good fight in front of his men. This scenario reminds me of the bully picking a little kid on the playground, while all the other children are watching. Achilles decides to get even with Agamemnon for taking his prize so he prays to his mom to go to Zeus, the god of gods, and beg a favor. He wants his mom to ask Zeus to have the Trojans begin winning the war. At this point Achilles has stopped helping the Argives in their battle against Troy because he is mad at Agamemnon. Thetis warns Achilles that if he returns to the battle instead of going home he will die under Troys walls. Achilles has a big decision to make. One choice is he can change his attitude and start respecting life, which means he would go home. Achilles other choice is to ignore his mom and fight anyway. If he continues fighting he would die a famous and almost godly warrior. While Achilles is still deciding what to do Zeus sends Patroclus, Achilles best friend, back into battle where he dies at the hand of Hector. Achilles is furious. He returns to battle in a fury of anger. Achilles does not return for glory this time. Instead, he returns because he valued his friend and wants to avenge his death. Achilles chases the Trojans back to the walls of Troy. There is chases down Hector and kills him. Then he displays his body in the most disgraceful fashion. Zeus sends King Priam. Priam is Hectors dad and he has come to retrieve his sons body. He wants to give his son a proper burial. Achilles does not want to return the body at first, but Priam is able to change his mind. Priam convinces Achilles what the effect of killing has. He shows him the pain, suffering, and destruction that it causes people. The King even reveals his pain at Hectors death to Achilles.

International Law Essays - International Trade, International Law

International Law International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been granted international personality (status acknowledged by the international community). The rules of international law are of a normative character, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of International Justice after World War II. Article 92 of the charter of the United Nations states: The International Court of justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter. The commands of international law must be those that the states impose upon themselves, as states must give consent to the commands that they will follow. It is a direct expression of raison d'etat, the "interests of the state", and aims to serve the state, as well as protect the state by giving its rights and duties. This is done through treaties and other consensual engagements which are legally binding. The case-law of the ICJ is an important aspect of the UN's contribution to the development of international law. It's judgements and advisory opinions permeates into the international legal community not only through its decisions as such but through the wider implications of its methodology and reasoning. The successful resolution of the border dispute between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case illustrates the utility of judicial decision as a means of settlement in territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ pursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and indicated their intention to comply with it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland , 1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and must respect these resources. T he Court observed: It is one of the advances in maritime international law, resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former laissez-faire treatment ofthe living resources of the sea in the high seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the course of further negotiation. The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal State's preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Court's judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in

Tips to Get Your Feedback Draft Essay Done Properly

Tips to Get Your Feedback Draft Essay Done ProperlyOne of the things that I am going to cover here in this article is the key to getting your feedback draft essay completed properly. This is something that can be a bit of a process, but with a few tips, you will have no problem at all.Before anything else, it is essential that you get a few feedback drafts of your own before you start this project. You don't want to get these totally wrong and not see how they feel about your work. Instead, get one or two and then reread them again until you have their thoughts.In order to keep this from being a headache, make sure that you make copies of the feedback drafts of your own essay. There are a number of ways to do this, but one that I like to use is to make a folder for each draft and label it as such. Then you can just take the ones that you like the best and cut them up and stick them into a folder. The best part about this process is that you will see what works and what doesn't, and t herefore make it easier to edit later on.Another great way to get your initial draft done is to turn it into a mini-outline. When I do this, I write the first two thirds of my essay as an outline, the second third as a developing outline, and the last third as a completed outline. Now you will be able to fill in any missing information and continue writing the rest of the essay yourself.You should also make sure that you have a few pieces of paper that you go through and cut and rewrite any ideas that you come across in your feedback draft. For instance, there could be a section in your assignment where you need to present a short personal story. Write that into your essay and then come back and revise it a few times in order to see if you want to move it into the next draft.Remember that when you are trying to improve your essay, you need to continually tweak your feedback draft. This is what will help you to see the problems and flaws that you need to correct in order to complete your project successfully.While it is always a good idea to discuss your idea with someone, it is sometimes best to get feedback completely from your own heart. Don't listen to what someone else has to say unless you think that you can handle it well. There are often plenty of people who will be willing to help you out if you ask.So there you have it, the key to getting your feedback draft essay finished is to follow the tips I mentioned here, and then you can get a great sense of accomplishment after completing your assignment. After all, no one is ever going to be able to understand your project if you don't finish it.

Public Relations of Toyota Essays

Public Relations of Toyota Essays Public Relations of Toyota Essay Public Relations of Toyota Essay Public Relations of Toyota Throughout the years Toyota has enjoyed a solid reputation for half a century. Toyota produced quality, durable vehicles that outlasted and outperformed many vehicles. However Toyota has been hit with a lot of scandals and has been misunderstood. Toyota is now taking steps in the right direction to minimize negative situations involving the accelerators on some of its vehicles. Toyota is now reconnecting to their customers and changing the outlook on their views of Toyota as a whole! The public relations professionals are working hard at developing a good, positive relationship between a firm and the public it serves. With investing in great public relations for your business will help your businesses success. Great Public Relations, supporting your business can create and build up the image of successful company. During times of adverse publicity an effective Public Relations professional, can remove the misunderstanding and can create mutual understanding between the business and the public? Toyota strives to assist the communities where we live and work by supporting local organizations focused on the areas of environment, education, and safety to family’s everywhere. In addition, Toyota partners with several regions, in the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southeastern, and Western of the U. S. Toyota is a company based for family and values their customers with great customer service. In almost every city there is a Toyota dealer near to help service every Toyota customer needs. Public Relations play an important role in developing a credible and recognizable brand online and offline for any business and it harnesses the power of third party testimonials in the media. Public Relations, delivers a tremendous return on investments because the articles and stories generated in the media are credible. When a Public Relations program is implemented in conjunction with marketing and advertising programs, a brand can be developed and strengthened over a period of time. A successful brand always comes from customers with their love and support for the company brand. In addition, all of great things that customers think of the company’s brand it what builds the company’s brand image. Toyota Public Relations professionals recognized this when building the brand of their company, since they had their very first fall, with recalls and accelerators on some of its vehicles. Toyota was first founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spinoff from his fathers company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. The name Toyota is from the founders name (Toyoda) the Toyota symbol represents the T in Toyota. The Toyota symbol is all the letters of Toyota, stylized and overlayed. The two interlocking circles inside the larger circle represent Toyota the company and the customer/consumer and represents their inter-relations and importance to another. The larger circle represents the world and the idea that Toyota and their customers are a part of it. Toyota spent roughly $1 billion on marketing during the fourth quarter of 2009 alone in an attempt to help drive up sales of its vehicles in the U. S. (W. Scott, 2010). Although Toyota has had to shift gears from that proactive push and into a reactive mode more recently, the automaker expects to spend less on advertising in 2010 than it did in 2009. But industry experts say the automaker must remain aggressive if it hopes to grow sales and repair its image (W. Scott, 2010). Toyota is now making steps to rebuild their image, in a great way, the first positive step in what will most likely connect with public relations overhauls that aim to socially re-connect Toyota to their consumers. Toyota’s new technique of brand marketing has given other Public Relations professionals a creative method to follow when creating campaigns for their customers. In addition, In order to keep the publics perception is the publics reality, and the perception is slowly but surely looking great. Hence, it is very crucial for any business to run a public relations campaign, however, the traditional modes of running such a campaign are slowly becoming obsolete. It is extremely important for more and more businesses to update their, public relations campaign for the 21st century. And also, to act immediate with new methodologies and tools, which include blogging and social media sites. In today’s society the Internet allows companies to take on a new benefit that they would not be able to use in the real world without technology. Creating different services online will ensure your company’s brand is stronger than the rest. Online customers can interact with the company’s brand and its identity in a way no other medium can. Social media sites, such as Facebook is a vast opportunity for businesses to promote their brand online to millions of people at once and at no cost. Today, Toyota’s social media strategy is to urge the public to invent ways to use Toyota’s technology in new, innovative ways, ways that will help â€Å"make a better world†. This new strategy will work brilliantly to create millions of consumers and buyers for the company’s brand (Toyota) and keep them interested in what the company has more to offer. Toyota uses social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to create a digital dialogue with its customers. Kimberly Kyaw, Senior Media Strategist, for Toyota Motor Sales, U. S. A. , and Inc. as hired on by Toyota to in 1999, to lead Toyota’s digital media strategy and planning for general and multi-cultural markets (imediaconnection, 2012). Soon after Kyaw, handled escalated customer cases when appropriate, offered goodwill to maintain customer satisfaction loyalty. Developed marketing strategy (objectives, targeting, positioning, messaging, source of sales and key market/consumer insight s) to inform communication creative plan. Analyzed quantitative and qualitative data and identified consumer and market trends to create actionable recommendations for future vehicle enhancements, lifecycle planning pricing. Kyaw, provided the company with the necessary information Toyota now has connections with 500 plus networkers that interacts with social media scene. This will allow customers and employees to interact and suggest ways of improving the company’s services and products. Since the beginning of Toyota’s test run with social media sites they have used such sites to help promote events and initiatives such as â€Å"Try before you buy†. This method is used for many potential customers for Toyota, who are looking into buying new Toyota vehicle. Or perhaps, may be in the market for a new vehicle and want to experience driving without dealing with a sales associate. This is Toyota’s new secret weapon called â€Å"Toyota Rent-A-Car† (TRAC) it gives drivers the opportunity to enjoy a new Toyota or Scion before committing to a purchase or lease. Also, being dealer-based means that you can purchase a TRAC vehicle if your weekend romance with a Toyota or Scion rental turns into a long lasting love affair! This new marketing method for Toyota has been a success and contributed millions to the company. This has also been the most engaging factor on Travelocity, with advertisement in the last year. Toyota, also used social media to promote their Toyota Pro Celebrity Race, it has brought together a star-studded field of Hollywood’s elite to race for charity. The race is brought on by many stars from film, television, music, sports and fashion that will showcase their newly earned racing chops in identically prepared, race-ready Scion TCs on the historic 10-lap, 1. 97-mile street circuit through the downtown streets of Long Beach in Southern California. On behalf of each celebrity racer, Toyota donates $5,000 to racing for Kids every year and another $5,000 to the winning racer’s charity of choice. Racing for Kids, a national nonprofit program benefiting children’s hospitals throughout the country, (in this case, Miller Children’s Hospital in Long Beach and Children’s Hospital in Orange County, Calif. ), was created as a way to connect sick children with their favorite celebrities and race-car drivers. Toyota has donated more than $1. 9 million to various children’s hospitals since 1991, on behalf of this race and its participants (ELB, 2011). Just like any business there are ups and downfalls, and Toyota has seen their fair share of both. In 2009, Toyota came under attack by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration that established 3. 8 million of its vehicles of having an unintended acceleration defect. This was led to a tragic accident with a California family who was an owner of a Lexus a (Toyota vehicle) losing four people in the car due to the floor mat, being on the accelerator. Although, the federal agency said it was still investigating the exact cause of the acceleration problem, this still left Toyota owners concerned and terrified. This was brought to the media on a silver platter, with the news, and dealerships everywhere. Toyota released a letter, with apology and tried to correct the problem but mistakenly made matters worse. The letter was misleading and didn’t sound sincere nor did it correct the problem it clearly stated that there was no major problem with the Toyota vehicles. This almost destroyed Toyota makers as a whole! However, Toyota took action and right away got great public relations personnel, and they started monitoring their campaign sites often with updates daily. Toyota corrected the problem with the media and consumers by providing the customer with newer and better quality vehicles. They are slowly but surely rebuilding the trust of their loyal customers and regaining them back. They have made a remedy to the situation with providing safer vehicles. Toyota’s Public relations personnel addressed consumers concerns and followed up with action. As a public relations professional in the 21st century, it’s important to constantly reach out to the public, not only to enhance your company’s appearance, but to do on to he customers in a good as well. Even though Toyota will undoubtedly be under the magnifying glass for their latest recall, having a public relations professional can be an excellent card to pull when having a downfall. The Nonprofit and for-profit businesses have multiple similarities and difference. The different marketing concepts contribute to the differing factor being the purpose of for-profit marketing is t o encourage customers to buy, while the purpose of nonprofit marketing is to encourage people to give as a charity. Investment returns may vary between the two, although the principles of marketing still remain the same, however some of the methods must be different. In that being said, the main purpose of marketing for-profit businesses is to inform potential customers in your target market to let them know about your product or service and how it can benefit them, with a goal of selling it in exchange for money. The business keeps the money, and the customer enjoys the product or service that they had purchased. However, for profit marketing focuses on developing new markets and ideas, for existing products or identifying markets for new product lines ahead. Then so, as non-profit business markets the work it does. Building customer awareness is the main factor of the marketing industry. The customer gives money to the organization in exchange for the opportunity to contribute towards its humanitarian work and good deed. For profit marketing, focuses on keeping the funds, while the individual retains their knowledge from the organization. Meanwhile, the organization uses the money to make a difference in society and to its organization as well. For-profit business can market using a variety of methods, such as marketing mix, target market identification, position, branding, and public relations and advertising. The not for profits organizations use the majority of these methods; for instance, the non-profit will conduct market analysis to identify potential donors and sponsors. Nonprofits organizations are tax exempt. Most of them are supported by their members of the organizations who take pride in the organization. Nonprofit organizations have members who contribute to the organization. They also have donations and grants that help support their organization which makes them different from a for profit business. A nonprofit organization maintains its great reputation by helping others and giving back to the public. The difference between the marketing of the two types of businesses is the fulfillment of the customer need. Unlike the for-profit makes a profit on the sales from the customer’s purchases. Meanwhile the goal of the for-profit marketing customer has a need of their own that they want to fulfill by making purchasing to their business of choice and getting great customer service in return. There are many nonprofits businesses that do conduct retail sales of promotional items to help raise funds, but this is not their primary product or service, this is just a short term offer to make customers feel good about their purchasing by also contributing to a good cause. In today’s society building and promoting a company’s brand takes a lot of effort and hard work. There are many different methods that public relations professionals can take a hold of when rebuilding a company’s brand or even making it better than before. The changes in the 21st century have made it easy for non-profit and for-profit businesses to communicate to the media. Great Public Relations professionals know how to conduct business in a professional way with the media and still uphold the company by supporting their image. Public relations professionals will and always further enhance the likelihood through its own growth and development and will produce more success towards businesses. By Public relations professionals having a prompt respond to the media can help the businesses image and withhold their loyal consumers. Great Public Relations professional always has a plan and they direct the development and communication of informational programs to maintain favorable public and stockholder perceptions of an organizations accomplishments and agenda. Indeed, a great public relations professional is great to have on your side when coming into a downfall with a company and needing help with a spokesperson. All in all Public relation personals contribute success to many company’s and organizations.

How Writing about Death Saved my Life

How Writing about Death Saved my Life How Writing about Death Saved my Life Christopher Noà «l is a professional on the Reedsy marketplace who has been a freelance editor for twenty-five years. He is the author of seven books, including the memoir In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing: A Geography of Grief,  which he wrote following a life-changing disaster.

Merck Pharmaceutical Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Merck Pharmaceutical Company - Essay Example Merck Pharmaceutical products are mainly therapeutic agents, for the treatment of various human and animal disorders. In fact the basic source of income for the company comes from the revenues derived from the filling and management of prescriptions and health management programs (Banks, 2001). Merck & Co., Inc. is also known as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the USA and Canada, with the headquarters of the company located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey and was established as the United States subsidiary of the German company which is currently known as Merck KGaA. Similar to the German assets in the United States, Merck & Co. was expropriated in 1917 during the First World War and set up as an independent company. In fact statistics and data suggest that this company is presently one of the seven largest pharmaceutical companies in the world both by market capitalization and revenue. Merck & Co. or MSD is also known as a global research-driven pharmaceutical company. It discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of unique products to improve human and animal health. Each and every organization requires leadership because all of them are affected by their contexts, philosophies, governance structures, value systems, and the legal ground rules under which they operate. These are the forces and factors that control their leadership needs. When it comes to community or social responsibility, it is said that the Merck Company Foundation has distributed over $480 million to educational and non-profit organizations since it was founded in 1957. This company is also today involved in bringing out various medical publications as it publishes the "Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy" that is considered as the world's best-selling medical textbook, and the "Merck Index" which is a collection of information about chemical compounds. Over the years there are several challenges that the company has faced. For instance, Attorney General Coakley's Office filed a settlement with drug manufacturer Merck and Company, Inc. (Merck) resolving concerns about the company's misleading advertising and promotion of the "Cox-2" inhibitor drug Vioxx. This drug is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis. The complaint, filed in Suffolk Superior Court, claims that Merck failed to reveal to consumers that Vioxx posed an increased risk of heart attack. The consent judgment, also filed in Suffolk Superior Court prohibited Merck from further mislead consumers in advertising for any Merck product and requires full disclosure of all known risks of Merck drugs. The complaint asserts that Merck began marketing Vioxx in May 1999 with an aggressive and deceptive promotional campaign directed at both consumers and at health care professionals. However, they hide the fact of high risks of heart problems. When promoting Vioxx directly to patients of arthritis as well as the health care professionals, Merck allegedly misrepresented the cardiovascular side effect. As a result the company's ethics were questioned and subsequently the drug was taken off from the market. In September 2004, Merck admitted that Vioxx caused serious cardiovascular events and withdrew the drug from the market. Further, when the multistate group investigated this case in December 2005, it exposed that in addition to the deceptive and misleading adverti